Based on the premise that here are multiple realities and multiple truths, postmodern therapies reject the idea that reality is external and can be grasped. People create meaning in their lives through conversations with others. The postmodern approaches avoid pathologizing clients, take a dim view of diagnoses, avoid searching for underlying causes of problems, and place a high value on discovering clients strengths and resources. Rather than talking about problems, the focus of therapy is on creating solutions in the present and the future. (Gerald Corey)
Postmodern therapy has no "one" developer. It has been an effort of several people. Here are some KEY PEOPLE.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)
- Key Concepts
- Not focused on the "why" there is a problem
- Believe that everyone in general are healthy people but we just "lose" our way
- They don't focus on the problem - but rather what is going "right" in the clients life
- Personal consultation
- Therapeutic Process & Techniques and Procedures
- Therapist and client can form one of these relationships (according to de Shazer)
- Customer- client and therapist on the same 'track' with the problem, goals, and solutions
- Complainant- client is basically attributing a solution to some one else and not seeing themselves be apart of the solution
- Visitor- the client comes to therapy because some one has influenced them to be there and they cannot see their problem
- Pretherapy Change
- Exception Questions: When did this problem not exist?
- Miracle Question: What if by some miracle your problem disappeared, how would you feel? What would be different?
- Scaling questions: Rate 1 to 10 your anxiety level when your first came to therapy and how you feel now?
- Formula First Session Task: Having the clients do homework that will tell the therapist what they like to continue in their relationship dynamics
- Therapist feedback to clients: In SFBT the therapist will take the last five minutes of the session to write a summary message that includes compliments, bridge, and suggesting a task.
- Terminating- Ending the therapist and client relationship
Narrative Therapy
- Key Concepts
- It is very person-centered. The therapist is apart of a 'journey' with the client that involves questioning that makes the client re-tell things from their perspective when they felt they were more reresourceful then they are at the time if therapy. The therapist is not to make diagnoses, judgment, or blame. Keeping the belief that ALL people are good natured and can stand up to any oppression. The therapist takes notes to key points but still remains VERY open minded.
- Therapeutic techniques, procedures, and process
- Questions
- Externalization and Deconstruction
- Search for unique outcomes
- Alternative stories and reauthoring
- Documenting the evidence
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